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Articles
Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Oral submucous fibrosis is a pre-malignant scarring of the mouth linked to areca-nut chewing. Here's how to recognise it and slow progression.
Updated 26 June 2026
Erythematous Candidiasis: the red, sore form of oral thrush
Erythematous candidiasis is a red, often sore form of oral Candida infection, common after antibiotics or inhaled steroids. Here's how to recognise and clear it.
Updated 26 June 2026
Denture stomatitis: why does the mucosa under my denture look red?
Denture stomatitis is a painless red patch under the denture from Candida. Here's how to clear it with hygiene, antifungal care and night-time removal.
Updated 25 June 2026
Chronic Hyperplastic Candidiasis (Candidal Leukoplakia): A stubborn white patch
Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis is a persistent white patch from Candida infection, often linked to smoking. Here's how it's diagnosed and treated.
Updated 24 May 2026
White Sponge Naevus (Cannon's Disease): A benign inherited white change of the mouth
White sponge naevus is a rare inherited condition with harmless thick spongy white patches in the mouth. Here's how it's diagnosed and why no treatment is usually needed.
Updated 24 May 2026
Verrucous Carcinoma: A Slow-Growing White Warty Lesion in the Mouth
Verrucous carcinoma is a slow-growing, warty oral cancer often mistaken for leukoplakia. Learn how biopsy confirms it and why surgery is the main treatment.
Updated 24 May 2026
Sublingual Keratosis
Sublingual keratosis is a white patch in a high-risk site of the mouth that needs biopsy. Here's why floor-of-mouth lesions are taken seriously.
Updated 24 May 2026
Pseudomembranous Candidiasis (Oral Thrush)
Pseudomembranous candidiasis (oral thrush) is a creamy white wipe-off Candida infection. Here's how to recognise triggers and clear it with antifungal treatment.
Updated 24 May 2026
Nicotinic Stomatitis (Smoker's Palate)
Nicotinic stomatitis is the smoker's palate pattern, white with red dots from inflamed salivary openings. Here's how quitting reverses it and when biopsy is needed.
Updated 23 May 2026
Morsicatio Buccarum (Cheek Chewing)
Morsicatio buccarum is a harmless white shredded patch on the cheek caused by chronic biting. Here's how to recognise the pattern and break the habit.
Updated 23 May 2026
Linea Alba
Linea alba is a harmless white line on the cheek at the bite-line level. Here's why it forms and how it differs from leukoplakia or frictional keratosis.
Updated 23 May 2026
Lichenoid Drug Reactions
Lichenoid drug reactions look like lichen planus but are triggered by medications or contact materials. Here's how to identify the trigger and clear the lesion.
Updated 23 May 2026
Oral Lichen Planus: lacy white patches and red patches that won't go away
Oral lichen planus is a chronic immune-mediated mouth condition with lacy white or red eroded patches. Here's how it's diagnosed, treated and monitored long-term.
Updated 23 May 2026
Oral Leukoplakia: A persistent white patch that needs assessment
Leukoplakia is a persistent white oral patch with a recognised cancer-change risk. Here's how to recognise it and why biopsy and follow-up matter.
Updated 23 May 2026
Leukoedema: A harmless milky-white change of the cheeks
Leukoedema is a harmless milky-white change in the cheek lining that fades on stretch. Here's how it's diagnosed and why no treatment is needed.
23 May 2026
Hairy Leukoplakia: An EBV white patch and a sign of weakened immunity
Hairy leukoplakia is a corrugated white tongue patch caused by Epstein-Barr virus, strongly linked to immune suppression. Here's what it signals and how it's managed.
22 May 2026
Frictional Keratosis: When Constant Rubbing Turns Mouth Tissue White
Frictional keratosis is a harmless white patch from chronic biting or rubbing. Here's how it differs from leukoplakia and when it needs a biopsy.
23 May 2026
Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia (PVL): A high-risk oral white patch
Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia is a rare but high-risk form of oral leukoplakia with multiple persistent white patches that often progress to oral cancer. Reviewed by Dr Cristian Dunker.
15 May 2026
Erythroplakia: A velvety red patch that needs urgent assessment
Erythroplakia is a velvety red patch in the mouth that almost always carries severe dysplasia or early cancer on biopsy. It needs urgent assessment. Reviewed by Dr Cristian Dunker.
15 May 2026