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Dental Fluorosis (and Enamel Hypoplasia): Mottled enamel explained
Dental fluorosis is white flecking or brown staining of enamel from excess childhood fluoride. Learn how it's diagnosed and the cosmetic treatments that work.
Updated 24 May 2026
Geographic Tongue (Erythema Migrans): A benign map-like pattern on the tongue
Geographic tongue is a harmless, migratory map-like pattern on the tongue. Learn what causes it, what triggers flares and how to soothe a burning tongue.
Updated 24 May 2026
Oral Manifestations of Thyroid Disease
Thyroid disease shows up in the mouth — enlarged tongue, delayed eruption, burning mouth, dry mouth. Learn how the oral signs differ in hypo- and hyperthyroidism.
Updated 24 May 2026
Oral Manifestations of Respiratory Disease: Dental clues to lung conditions
Asthma and COPD affect the mouth — thrush from inhalers, mouth breathing, gum-lung disease links. Learn how dentists adapt care and why oral hygiene matters.
Updated 24 May 2026
Oral Manifestations of Psoriasis: When a skin condition shows in the mouth
Psoriasis can show up in the mouth as geographic tongue, fissured tongue or rare oral plaques. Learn which oral findings are linked and how they're managed.
Updated 24 May 2026
Oral Manifestations of Coeliac Disease: when gluten sensitivity shows up in the mouth
Coeliac disease can show up first as enamel defects and mouth ulcers. Learn the oral clues, why dentists look for them and how the condition is diagnosed.
Updated 24 May 2026
Smoker's Melanosis
Smoker's melanosis is brown gum and cheek pigmentation linked to tobacco use. Learn how it differs from melanoma and how quitting affects the colour.
Updated 24 May 2026
Oral Melanotic Macule (Focal Melanosis): A benign brown spot in the mouth
Melanotic macules are flat brown spots in the mouth caused by harmless extra melanin. Here's how dentists tell them apart from melanoma and when biopsy matters.
Updated 24 May 2026